3/9/2023 0 Comments Binocular measurements![]() Supplemental Digital Content: Direct URL links are provided within the text. The authors would like to thank Emma Bartley and Kelly Prentice (Guide Dogs New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory) for their advice and article feedback. Guide Dogs New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory played no role in the conceptualization of this article, and the authors have no proprietary interest in any of the materials mentioned in this article.Īuthor Contributions and Acknowledgments: Conceptualization: JT, MK, AL Data Curation: JT, JH, VK Investigation: JT Methodology: JT Project Administration: JT Resources: MK Visualization: JT Writing – Original Draft: JT Writing – Review & Editing: JT, JH, VK, JM, MK, AL. JH and VK are recipients of Australian Government Research Training Program scholarships and PhD scholarships provided by Guide Dogs New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory. ![]() (D) In bilateral severe central vision impairment, central stereopsis is absent.įunding/Support: None of the authors have reported funding/support.Ĭonflict of Interest Disclosure: JT, MK, and AL receive salary support from Guide Dogs New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory, and JM is an employee of Guide Dogs New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory. (C) In bilateral mild visual impairment, given the similarity of retinal inputs between eyes, stereoacuity is likely to be reduced, albeit less markedly than in B. 37 (B) In asymmetric central vision impairment with resultant moderately poor vision in one eye, the asymmetry in retinal inputs results in reduced stereoacuity. ![]() In normal participants, stereoacuity decreases with increasing eccentricity and is measurable out to 14° from fixation. (A) With normal bilateral visual function, there is bifoveal fixation with the principal visual directions (red dotted lines) on the object of interest, resulting in the retinal images to fall on corresponding retinal locations and accurate computation of central stereopsis. The white-to-gray color scale within Panum’s fusion area depicts maximum stereoacuity to no measurable stereopsis. The black dotted line indicates the horopter and the surrounding area bordered by the solid black lines indicate Panum’s fusion area, with location from fixation on the star labeled above. Simplified schematics depicting potential deficits in stereopsis in various levels of visual impairment when fixating on an object of interest (star). These values are under the theoretical assumption that other monocular cues to depth do not play a role where larger changes in object distance are required before stereopsis computes a change in depth, it is far more likely that changes in depth are computed with smaller changes in object depth owing to monocular cues in real-life scenarios.Īppendix Figure A1 (available at ). Supplemental Digital Content: Appendix Table A1, available at, shows the required change in object distance to detect change in depth with varying stereoacuities for pupillary distance (PD) of 64 mm and working distances of 40, 150, and 300 cm, as per Fig. 1Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaĢSchool of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaģGuide Dogs New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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